Fish disease is one of the inhibiting factors in the success of the cultivation of fish. Many fish disease causes, could be due to infection (the attacks of parasites, fungi, bacteria and viruses), can also be caused by non-infectious such as water quality, nutrient content of feed, genetic factors and so forth.
Although fish disease could derail the cultivation being dilkukan by businesses, the actual fish diseases can be controlled through preventive measures (preventive) and curative (treatment). But of the two control methods such preventive action is much more efficient than melukan curative (treatment), both in terms of success rates and in terms of cost (cost) incurred.
Preventive action in controlling the disease by managing the fish is fish farming in accordance with the technical recommendations include:
a. Preparations pond with a good and proper by way of draining the pond, liming and fertilizing the pond
b. Doing the washing tub with disinfectant
c. Fish handlers perform well at the time of stocking and harvest the results in order not to cause physical damage to the fish
d. Optimal stocking density
e. Prevent direct contact between healthy fish with sick fish by isolating fish disease
f. Preventing transmission through the equipment used as well as the media container maintenance
g. Maintaining water quality in order to remain optimal.
Various kinds of fish disease and Pencegahanya
1. Trichodiniasis
The cause of the disease is Trichodina sp. The disease is almost attacks all species of freshwater fish, especially on seed size section attached skin, fins and gills and can cause irritation of the affected body part. Clinical symptoms: often without showing clinical signs, sometimes there is damage to the skin and fins with secondary infections. Treatment: The disease can be treated with formalin 25 ppm and 500 ppm NaCl.
2. Ichtyopthhiriosis
Cause: Ichthyophthiris multifilis. These parasites can attack almost all types of fish, especially seeds and attack the surface of organs and gills, known as white spots (white spots). Symptoms: the fish were infected with this disease are white spots on the surface of the body, fins and gills. This disease can be treated by using formalin 25 ppm malachite green + 0.1 ppm and 2500 ppm NaCl.
3. Chilodenellasis
Cause: Chilodenella spp. These parasites can attack all species of freshwater fish, which is on the surface of the body and gills and cause irritation on the organs affected. Clinical symptoms: no specific sign, fish look weak and would not eat, excessive mucus, bleeding and damage to the gills. Treatment: using formalin 150-250 ppm for ½ hour, as many as 10 ppm KMnO4 for ½ hour, CuSO4 500 ppm for 1 minute.
4. Infection Epistyle
Cause; Epistylis spp. These organisms can attack all species of freshwater fish, mainly carp, tilapia, shrimp, giant, and several species of ornamental fish. Clinical symptoms: in some types of fish that terinfensi look like white spots on the surface of cotton teubuh accompanied by bleeding, lack of appetite, slow movements of fish. Treatment: This disease can be treated using 30,000 ppm NaCl for 5-10 minutes, and soaking in formaldehyde 25-40 ppm for 24 hours and repeated 5-7 days.
5. Infection Zoothanium
Cause: zoothanium sp. These parasites invade freshwater fish, chiefly prawns, part of the attack was the organ gill and carapace. Gejalaa Clinical symptoms of infected shrimps opaque body muscles are not glowing, the dorsal part of the abdomen slightly membengkak.pas
6. Oodinais
Cause: Oodinoom sp. This parasite attacks the seeds of freshwater fish, especially carp, tilapia, carp and ornamental fish. The disease is known as the "velvet disease". Clinical symptoms: the infected fish skin damage occurs. Regardless of skin sometimes accompanied by bleeding, the fish that was attacked also experience loss of body color and difficulty in breathing. Treatment: can be done using MethylenBlue 2-6 ppm for 3-5 days, CuSO4 5-10 ppm for 5 minutes.
7. Infection Myxopora
Cause: myxobolus koi, myxobolus Artus. These parasites invade freshwater, mainly carp and tawes, myxobolus koi attacking the gill gills, and myxobolus Artus invade tissues. This parasite attacked fish usually do not grow and develop into adults. In the gills and meat visible bumps. Spots or the lump is cyste of this parasite. Treatment: until now has not found a suitable drug, so that the work done is limited to the selection of fish disease, and preventing illness with the bottom of the pond liming.
8. Worm Infection monogenea
Cause: Daclylogyrus and Gyrodaclylus sp. The disease attacks the body and gills of freshwater fish, mainly carp, tilapia, catfish and ornamental fish. Clinical symptoms: on the body surface affected fish are white spots like cotton accompanied by bleeding. Catfish attacked the gills often hang below the water surface. Treatment: fish infected can be treated using 2500 ppm NaCl, or formalin 25-40 ppm for 24 jamdan repeated several times.
9. Fungal Infections
Fungal infections are usually a secondary infection after injury due to handling or other paraqsit attack on tubuhikan surface. This parasite also often attached to the fish eggs. Clinical symptoms: visible thread-shaped white or brown cotton NRM body surface wounds. Treatment: green Malachyt 5 mg / lt soaked for 1 hour.
10. Aeromonas infections
Cause: Aeromonas hydrophylla, countryman gram-negative bacterial pathogens that invade freshwater fish and ornamental fish. Usually any attacks together with other bacteria such as Pseudomonas. Clinical symptoms: fish infected with Aeromonas body stricken with sores, sometimes with pus, and tissue damage. There were red spots all over his body, and the infected fish no appetite. Treatment: soak the fish with Oxytetracycline 10 ppm and through fish feed as much as 25 mg / kg for 7-10 days. Disease is one of the limiting factors dalamkeberhasilan fish farming. Although a variety of fish disease is treatable but control the disease through management actions or media waters fish life is far more important than simply treating the fish that have been attacked by diseases.
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